小学英语知识总汇
1、there be句型:表示存在,即:“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为:There
is(are)+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词/复数+时间或地点。如: 1. There are two bedrooms,
a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room. 2. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.
2、 一般现在时句型:表示习惯性的动作或行为,或现在存在着的状况。句型基本
结构为:主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时,要在动词原形后面加s或es,
其他人称作主语时则用动词原形,在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句
型通常有一些标志词,如:usually often sometimes never always等。
一般现在时的构成
1。 be动词:主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如:I am a boy。我是一个男孩。
2。行为动词:主语 行为动词( 其它)。如:We study English。我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary
likes Chinese。玛丽喜欢汉语。
如: 1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science on
Thursdays. 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays. 3. When do you
eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. 4 Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I
often play football.
3、现在进行时句型:表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件,或在短期内正在进行的动作或
存在的情况。标志词是:now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为:be动
词(am, is, are)+动词现在分词(v. ing)。如: 1. What are you doing? I’m doing the dishes.
2. Is she counting insects? No, she isn’t.
4、 一般过去时句型:表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本
结构为:主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是:yesterday, last week , last year 等,
在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。如: did you do last weekend? I played
football. 2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did. 此外,一般过去时也可用来
表示客气的询问。如: What would you like for lunch? I’d like some…
5、 情态动词(can should will must)引导的句型:后面的动词要用原形。如: 1. What
can you do? I can sweep the floor. 2. I should water the flowers. 3. How will I get to the
People’s Park? must go by the No. 15 bus.
6、 将来时:我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型,即:will和be going to句型,
主要以be going to句型为主,表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构:am/is/are
+ going to + v.原形。同义句:be going to = will 例I am going to go swimming
tomorrow(明天)。 = I will go swimming tomorrow。
标志词有: this weekend ,tomorrow, next day(week, month, year„),soon,
the day after tomorrow(后天)等1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going
to visit my parents. 2. When is she going to Paris? She is going to go there at 9:00 am.
7、否定句:be动词/情态动词/助动词(do,does,did)后加not
例:will后加not成won’t was not=wasn’t were not=weren’t does not=doesn’t
8.一般疑问句:提前+主语+动词ing/动词原形
some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换
9.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句
疑问代词:what什么 who谁 which哪一个 whose 谁的 whom 谁(宾格)
疑问副词:When什么时候 where在哪里 why为什么 how怎样
疑问形容词:What(which whose)+名词 what about(how about)+名词?„怎么样?
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds
2.以s。 x。 sh。 ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,
watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 〕 leaf--leaves
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,
policewoman-policewomen, child-children foot-feet,。tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
二.动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work__-worked , cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:live____lived
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加
-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母 y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式:am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave,
get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang,
put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank,
swim-swam, sit-sat
三.动词 s的变化规则
:
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s。 x。 sh。 ch。 o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes,
watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
四.动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是辅音+元音+辅音,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,
stop-stopping
(元音字母是a,e,i,o,u其他都是辅音字母)
五、人称代词和物主代词
主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性 物主代词
I me my mine
You
你;你们
you your yours
he him his his
she her her hers
it it its its
we us our ours
they them their theirs
1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前,宾格一般位于动词或
介词之后。
2.物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单
独使用,后面不带名词。
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ;
如有几件物品,be 动词根据最接近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have
(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或
疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there +
介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?
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