八大词类当中,属于修饰语性质的有形容词和副词两种。形容词只可用来修饰名词,而副词可用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、名词这四大词类,可表示地点、时间、程度、方式、语气等
1、修饰形容词
What he said is mostly true. 他的话大致是对的
2、修饰副词
He speaks English quite well. 他英语讲得不错
3、修饰动词
He completely supports me. 他完全支持我
【注意】副词与助动词连用时,应置于助动词之后
He says he will always love me. 他说他会永远爱我
He can hardly sing. 他几乎不会唱歌
He has already finished the work. 他已经把工作做完了
With the computer down, we could no longer continue our work. 电脑坏了,我们不能再继续工作了
no longer 表示不再,作时间toybox副词用,又有否定句功能,应与助动词 could 置于一起
4、修饰名词
Vegetables, especially spinach, are good for you. 蔬菜,尤其是菠菜,有益健康
形式在形式上,许多副词带有后缀 -ly,有些则与形容词等其他词类似
带后缀 -ly: slightly 稍微地、totally 完全地、madly 疯狂地
不带后缀 -ly: then 接着、fast 快速地、slow 慢慢地
形容词同形
有些副词有两种不同的形式,一种与形容词同形,一种由形容词加后缀 -ly 构成。
形容词和副词同形,需要根据其在句中的句法功能和上下文意义,判断其词性
Everything went pretty smoothly. 一切都进展得相当顺利 | Ann is quite pretty. 安妮长得很漂亮
He has never been overseas. 他从未出过国 | This is the overseas operator. 我是国际电话话务员
They breed twice yearly. 它们每年繁殖两次 | Our family has a yearly reunion. 我们每年全家团聚一次
I'm sorry, I clean forgot it. 抱歉,我完全忘了
clean 作形容词是“干净的”,作副词是“完完全全”
-ly
有些情况下,带不带 -ly 在意义上有着明显的差别。而且,不带 -ly 的副词只能放在动词之后,而带 -ly 的副词位置则较灵活,可以在动词之前,也可以在动词之后
wide 宽阔地、完全地 | widely 广泛地
most 最 | mostly 主要地、大多数地
close 近 | closely 严密地、细心地
near 接近、附近 | nearly 几乎、差不多
He went home late last night. 他昨天晚上回家得晚 | He had lately been doing a project. 恐龙蛋化石图片近来他正在做一个项目
The students are studying very hard. 学生们正在努力学习 | The students hardly understand me. 学生们几乎听不懂我的话
I stood here, my feet deep in the snow. 我站在这儿,双脚深深地陷进雪里 | I was deeply impressed by his humor. 他的幽默,给我留下了深刻的印象
She was a pretty good girl. 她是个不错的姑娘 | Princess was prettily dressed. 公主的穿着非常漂亮
The enemy is advancing. Stand firm. 敌人来了,保持坚定
stand firm 可看作 You must stand firm,是保持坚定的意思。如果用 stand firmly,意思是两条腿出点力气站稳,与前句不太相配
-wards
有些副词是由介词或地点名词加后缀 -ward(s) 构成的,意为“向...”
backward(s) 向后地 | forward(s) 向前地 | northward(s) 向北地 | upward(s) 向上地| homeward(s)向家的方向地
-wise
有些副词是由名词加上后缀 -wise 构成,表示位置、方向、状态等
coastwise 沿着海岸地 | clockwise 顺时针地 | sidewise 向一边地 | lengthwise 纵向地
-ways
有些副词以后缀 -ways 结尾
lengthways 纵长地 | sideways 向一边地
a-
有些副词是以前缀 a- 为特征的
alike 同样地 | abroad 在国外 | alone 独自地 | aloud 高声地
分类方式副词 (Adverbs of Manner)方式副词 (Adverbs of Manner) 是修饰动词专用的,典型的拼法是形容词加上 -ly 字尾。既然它是修饰动词的,那么原则上它的位置应该尽量和动词接近,通常是放在动词后面的位置。可是,副词是修饰语,属于比较不重要的元素,如果在句中有宾语、补语等主要元素存在时,方法、状态的副词就要向后挪,让宾语、补语等元素先出来。假如后移的结果造成副男友追踪器词与它所修饰的动词之间距离太远,那么也可以另辟蹊径,把方法、状态的副词调到动词前面的位置去,以维持修饰语必须和它所修饰的对象接近的原则
The child giggled happily under the caress of its mother. 小孩在母亲抚摸下笑得很开心。
上句中动词 giggled 之后已无主要元素存在,所以修饰动词的 happily 可以直接放在动词后面。但方法、状态的副词,除非有特殊原因,还是放在动词后面为佳,因为动词是主要元素,先出来会比较清楚。
He kept quiet resolutely. 他坚定地保持沉默。
补语 quiet 是主要元素,要先出来,所以修饰动词的副词 resolutely 就被挤到后面去了。请注意,如果不这样处理,而把 resolutely 放在前面, 成为:
He kept resolutely quiet.
这就会造成语意不清。因为副词也可以修饰形容词,会以为 resolutely 是修饰 quiet 的修饰语,“坚定的沉默”。而同一句话有两种可能的解释,在修辞上就犯了模棱两可(ambiguous)的毛病。有一种可以接受的位置是:
He resolutely kept quiet.
副词如果放在句尾,与动词之间会受到补语 quiet 的阻隔,这时就可以把副词挪到动词前面以维持它和动词的接近。而且 resolutely 放在 kept 的前面,并不会产生模棱两可的毛病,所以是正确的位置
He kissed the girl tenderly. 他温柔地吻了那个女孩。
有宾语的句型,道理和有补语的句型一样,方法、状态的副词都会被挤到后面的位置。因而 tenderly 要放在 the girl 的后面
He passionately kissed the girl living next door. 他热情地吻了那个住隔壁的女孩。
上例中,因为有一个简化的形容词从句 living next door 跟在宾语后面,假如副词 passionately 再往后挪,不但与它所修饰的动词 kissed 距离太远,而且会有模棱两可的情形出现:
He kissed the girl living next door passionately.
这样处理的话,可能会认为 passionately 是修饰 living, “热情地生活在隔壁”。因为现在分词 living 原本是动词 live,而且副词 passionately 又和 living 比较接近。这就必然会引起误解。如果把 passionately 放在宾语 the girl后面呢?
He kissed the girl passionately living next door.
还是不通!因为 passionately 紧临 living,仍然会产生误解。这时,唯一的选择就是把 passionately 放在动词 kissed 的前面,才可以免除任何误解
He showed us the document reluctantly. 他很不情愿地把文件拿给我们看。
同样的,因为两个宾语都是主要元素,修饰语类的 reluctantly就被挤到后面去了。当然,挪到动词前面也是一个办法
I willingly offer you my help. 我自愿对你提供帮助。
副词 willingly 放到句尾时会受到两个宾语 you 与 myhelp 的阻隔,就有足够的理由可以向前cair挪到动词 offer 前面的位置,使它与动词没有距离
They elected him chairman unanimously. 他们全体一致推选他出任主席
因为有宾语和补语这两个重要元素存在,副词 unanimously 就要退让到后面。当然这会使它和动词 elected 之间产生距离,所以也有另外一个选择:
I happily pronounce you man and wife. 我很高兴宣布你们结为夫妇。
这是牧师、神父证婚时必说的一句话。此言一出,男女双方的婚姻于焉生效。如果把 happily 放在后面
I pronounce you man and wife happily.
这句话这样讲就感觉十分不对劲。副词 happily 被宾语与补语挤到句尾去,这是语法正确的句型,可是修辞不佳。happily 要和 pronounce 相连,才足以表达那种欣喜的口吻。距离太远,语气就太冷淡了。第二,全场宾客都在听的是 man and wife 这几个字,新郎新娘也在听这几个代表终身大事底定的字眼,好进行拥吻。所以,man and wife —定要放在句尾mos管工作原理压轴的位置,那么 happily 就只好往前挪了
强调语气的副词 (Intensifiers)强调词(Intensifers)在使用上很有弹性,四种主要词类,包括名词、动词、形容词与副词都可以用它来修饰。
口语中经常使用右侧的词:awfully 纳赛尔主义特别 | terribly 及其 | pretty 非常 | so 那么
nearly 几乎、差点、差不多 | almost 几乎 | partially 部分地 | deeply 深深地 | partly 在一定程度上、部分地 | really/actually 实际上、事实上
exactly 一点不差地 | particularly 特别地 | even 甚至 | only 仅仅是 | just 刚刚、正好 | simply 只不过是 | at least 至少 | alright 还可以,好吧 | as well 也
anymore 再也不,不再 | anyway 无论如何 | anything else 任何别的东西 | couldn't 没能,表示过去没能做的事
instead 替代 | instead of 替代...,而不是...
这一类的副词又可以细分为以下三种:
一、强调范围的副词 (Focusing Adverbs)
强调范围的副词 (Focusing Adverbs),也叫焦点副词,是对所修饰的词进行强调,使之成为人们关注的焦点的副词。这一类的副词不多,典型的像 only、merely、also、especially、particularly、even 等就是这一类。
包括:only 只、仅仅 | alone 独自地、单独地 | also 也、同样 | even 甚至、即使 | just 正好、仅仅、即使 | merely 仅仅、只是 | really 实际上、事实上 | simply 简单地、简直 | mainly 主要地、大体上 | chiefly 主要地、首先 | especially 尤其、特别 | exactly 精确地、确切地 等
Only a doctor can do that. 只有医生才能这样做
I rang up just to say hello. 我打电话只是问候一下
Jim alone knew what happened. 只有吉姆知道发生了什么事 (alone位于所修饰的词之后)
它的功能在于清楚界定出所谈事物的范围。它的位置要求很严格,有些要放在所修饰对象的前面,有些则要放在后面,但都不能和修饰的对象有任何距离。因为它可以修饰任何词类,只要位置一变动,意思也就跟着发生变化
I heard about the accident yesterday. 我昨天听说了这件意外。
Only I heard about the accident yesterday. 只有我是昨天听说这件意外的。(No one else did.)
I only heard about the accident yesterday. 我昨天只是听说了这件意外。(I didn't see it.)
I heard about only the accident yesterday. 我昨天全听人在讲这件意外。 (I didn't hear anything else.)
I heard about the accident only yesterday. 我直到昨天才听说这件意外。 (I didn't hear about it earlier.)
上面几句中,only 分别修饰代名词 I、动词 heard、名词 the accident 与副词 yesterday
二、加强语气的副词 (Intensifiers)
这是最典型的 Intensifiers,它同样也是可以修饰四种主要词类,包括名词在内。位置通常要放在修饰对象的前面
He is ver单身税y much his father’s son. 他和他老爸一个调调
You’re utterly insane! 你是完完全全疯了
I badly need a drink. 我亟需喝一杯
三、程度副词(Adverbs of Degree)
这一类副词和加强语气的副词很像,但是程度副词是用来做“有几成”的表示,而非加强语气。所以,如果把加强语气的副词去掉,只是语气变弱,意思不会变。但是如果拿掉程度副词,意思则可能会发生改变
The project is almost finished. 计划已经差不多完成了。
上句的 almost 就是程度副词,表示“八九成,还不到十足”的程度,并非加强语气。如果把它拿掉,就变成
The project is finished. 计划已经完成。
这个意思就和原文不同了。
程度副词和另外两类的 Intensifiers 一样,也是四大词类都可以修饰,它的位置通常也是要放在修饰对象的前面
You can buy practically anything at a mall. 在购物中心几乎什么都买得到。
I can hardly hear you. 我快听不到你在说什么了。
The promotion was moderately successful. 促销活动还算成功。
I know your father rather well. 我跟你父亲还算蛮熟的。
按照程度的强弱划分,可分为:
1、强
very 非常 | quite 相当、十分 | too 太、非常 | greatly 大大地、非常 | highly 非常、高度地 | enough 相当、足够地 | extremely 非常地、极其 | perfectly 完全地、十足地 | totally 彻底地 | utterly 完全地 | wholly 完全地 等
2、中
rather 宁可、相当 | fairly 相当地下肢溃烂、简直 | pretty 相当地 等
3、弱
a bit 有点 | a little 略微 | slightly 稍稍、轻微地 等
I'm quite certain of that. 对那事我完全可以肯定
He speaks very hig美的历史hly of you. 他对你评价很高
His illness is far more serious than we thought. 他的病比我们想像的要严重很多
修饰句子的副词 (Sentence Modifiers)修饰句十大童装子的副词可分成两类:连接副词和分离副词。这两类副词的位置,通常是放在句首,可是也可以挪到主语、动词中间,甚至放到句尾位置。不论放在何种位置,都需要有逗号把它和句子隔开来
一、连接副词 (Conjuncts)
这一类的副词很像连接词 (Conjunctions),有类似对等连接词 and的 (如 besides、furthermore),以及类似 but 的 (如 however、nevertheless) 等等。它可以连接两句话间的逻辑关系,可是缺乏连接词的语法功能,所以要用标点来帮忙
Vivien Leigh is brilliant. 费雯丽光芒四射。
Clark Gable, however, is lousy. 克拉克.盖博却很糟。
Therefore, the film is less than perfect. 影片因而并非十全十美。
It is still a good movie; besides, good romances are rare these days. 这部片子还是不错,况且近来好的文艺片不多了
这类副词用来连接句子、分句或从句,可表示各种关系
1、表因果
so 因此 | consequently 因此 | hence 因此 | therefore 所以 | thus 因而
It snowed heavily all day, and so we had to stay at home. 大雪下了一天,因此我们不得不待在家
2、表递进
furthermore 并且 | besides 另外还 | moreover 而且
She lost the chance. Furthermore, she was very regretful that she left. 她错失良机,并为她的离开感到后悔
3、表转折或对比
however 但是、然而 | none the less 然而 | nevertheless 然而 | yet 但是、还 | though/although 虽然、可是
There is no time, however, the book remains unfinished. 已经没有时间了,但这本书还没有完成
4、表条件
otherwise 否则
You have to study hard, otherwise, you can not pass this exam. 你得努力学习,否则,你不能通过这次考试
5、表时间
then 然后 | afterwards 后来 | later 然后 | next 下一步
Come here early, then, you can go with me. 早点来,然后,你可以和我一起去
6、表仍然
still 仍然 | yet 还
Do you still have Julie's phone number? 你还留着朱莉的电话号码吗?
I haven't asked him yet. 我还没有问他
连接副词,按照功能来分,包括以下几类
1、疑问副词
这类副词有when、where、why、how,用于引出疑问句
When is the meal? 何时供应餐饮?
How do you study? 你如何学习的?
2、关系副词
这类副词有when、where、why 等,用于引导定语从句
I will never forget the days when we stay together. 我永远也忘不了我们一起的日子
This is the city where I was born. 这就是我出生的城市
I don't know the reason why you are late again. 我不知道你又迟到的原因
3、解释副词
这类副词用以引出例子或列举
for example 例如 | for instance 例如 | namely 也就是说
For instance, we used to have hobbies. 例如,我们都曾经有自己的爱好
4、感叹副词
How pretty she is! 她真漂亮
How time files! 时间过得真快
5、缩合连接副词
这类副词主要由先行词和关系副词缩合而成,多用以引导名词性从句
when(the time when)、where(the place where)、why(the reason why)、whenever(any time when)、wherever(any place where)、however(no matter how) 等
I didn't know why he was angry. 我不知道他为什么生气
Tell me when you come here. 告诉我你什么时候来这里的
This i卜算子咏梅毛泽东s where I lived before. 这就是我以前住的地方
Tell me whenever you need my help. 当你需要我的帮助时告诉我
Go wherever you like. 想去哪儿就去哪儿
The door remained locked however I tried to open it. 无论我费多大劲想打开它,门仍然锁着
二、分离副词(Disjuncts)
把它归于修饰句子的副词类是方便的分法。严格说起来,它应该是属于修饰另一句话的方法、状态副词
Scientifically, the experiment was a success. 从科学的角度来说,这个实验成功了。
固然 scientifically 可以说是修饰全句,可是深入一点来看, 这个句子是下面这句的省略:
Scientifically speaking, the experiment was a success.
这个副词其实是修饰动词 speak 的方法状态副词。更进一步把简化从句还原成下面的原貌:
If we are speaking scientifically, the experiment was a success.
上句可以看出,原来有两句话。第一句被简化成只剩一个方法、状态副词 scientifically,修饰“怎么说”,再附在第二句上。这个副词要有逗点隔开是因为那是两个从句之间的逗号。分离副词也可以调到主语动词中间的位置以及句尾的位置,可是仍然要有逗号隔开
You're not answering my questions honestly. 你并没有老实回答我。
Honestly, what are you going to do about it? 老实说,你打算如何处置呢?
第一句的 honestly 是单纯的方法、状态副词,修饰动词 answer。第二句的 honestly 则是分离副词,原本是 honestly speaking (老实说)。它是简化从句的残余,可以为方便起见归于修饰全句的副词类。
分离副词(Disjuncts)用于修饰句子,表示说话人的观点和看法,通常位于句首
包括:actually 实际上、事实上 | certainly 无疑地、确定地 | clearly 清楚地、明确地 | finally 终于、最后 | fortunately 幸运地、幸亏 | frankly 真诚地、坦白地 | honestly 公正地、真诚地 | luckily 幸运地 | obviously 显然、明白地 | perhaps 也许、可能 | possibly 可能地、大概 | probably 大概、也许 | somehow 不知怎么、莫名其妙地 | surely 想必 | undoubtedly 毋庸置疑地、的确地 | unexpectedly 未料到地、意外地 | unfortunately 不幸的是 等
Luckily, the police came in time. 幸亏警察及时赶到
Fortunately, nothing was found. 幸运的是,什么也没有找到
Clearly he didn't say so. 显然他没有这样说
Happily, he didn't die. 幸亏他没有死
其他副词1、位置副词
upstairs 楼上 | downstairs 在楼下
behind 在...后面 | between 在...之间 | above 在...上方 | over 在...之上 | below曼加拉 在下面 |
near 在...附近 | next to 在...旁边 | close to 靠近 | across from 在..对面 | inside 在里面
right 正好在 | there 那儿 | right here 这里 | over there 那里
away 离开、在远处 | The lake is an hour away 那个湖有一个小时远
not far 不远 | It's not far 不远了 | It's not far away 不是很远
all over 到处 | anywhere 任何地方 | abroad 在国外
straight 直接地 | go straight 直走
go down 下去 | go down the mountain 下山 | go down the street 沿着这条街道下去
east 东方 | on the right 在右边 | on the west side 在西边
step in 走进去 | come up here 到这儿来 | get out 出去 | get off 下车
off 不在、离开 | The glass is off the table 玻璃杯从桌子上掉了
around 到处、大约 | turn around 转身 | run around the table 绕着桌子跑
along 沿着 | through the fields 穿过田野 | fly over the building 飞过那个建筑
2、时间副词
first 第一 | next 下一个 | then 接着
today 今天 | yesterday 昨天 | tomorrow 明天 | la扭矩扳手st year 去年 | this morning 今天上午 | a week ago 一周前
recently 近来 | lately 近来 | nowadays 如今 | right now 现在
as usual 像平时一样 | that time 那个时候、当时 | on time 及时 | sometimes 有时
soon 很快、不久 | as soon as possible 尽快 | so quickly 太快了
before 在..之前 | after 在..之后 | later ...之后 | afterward 以后,之后
until 直到 | since 从... | She's played guitar since 2012 | since then 自从那里起
during... 在... 期间 | throughout 始终、遍及、在整个期间
just 刚刚,正好 | just a moment 等一下 | later 晚点
3、频度副词
频度副词表示动作发生的次数
包括:ever 曾经、有时、在某时 | never 决不、从不 | rarely 很少地、难得地 | seldom 很少、不常 | once 一次、一回 | often 经常 | occasionally 偶尔 | constantly 不断地、时常地 | frequently 经常地、频繁地 | usually 通常、平常 | continually 不停地、持续地 | always 总是、一直 | sometimes 有时 等
The children are seldom ill. 这些孩子很少生病
Do you often watch TV? 你经常看电视吗
I'v never been out this late before. 我从来没在外面待到这么晚
I go there alone very seldom. 我很少一个人去那儿
副词顺序
Dick went there late yesterday.
地方副词 there 在先,时间副词 yesterday 在后,这是一般的顺序。修饰 yesterday 的副词 late 置于它的前面
常用副词1、very much
(1) very 可修饰一般副词或形容词
He does things very carefully. 他做事很小心
He is very nice. 他很友善
(2) much 可修饰比较级的形容词或副词
He speaks English much better than Peter. 他英语的比彼得好多了
He is much more handsome than David. 他比大卫英俊多了
(3) much、far、a lot、a great deal 也可修饰 too
It's much/far too cold today. 今天太冷了
a good many/a great many/many many + 复数名词 很多很多的...
I have a good many things to do tonight. 我今晚有很多很尼克服多的事要做
(4) very 与 much 也可用以修饰作形容词用的分词,用法如下:
a、凡是作形容词用的现在分词或过去分词(即可译成"...的"),之前可被中文"很"修饰时,则可与 very 连用
very tired 很累的 | very tiring 很累人的
very interesting 很有趣的 | very interested 很感兴趣的
very confused 很感迷惑的 | very confusing 很令人迷惑的
b、much 则用以修饰译成“受到...的”的过去分词
He was (very) much hurt. 他伤得很重
2、little、a little
(1) little 作副词时,译成“几乎一点儿都不”,极接近"no"之意
John's Japanese is little better than mine. 约翰的日语比我好不到哪里去
= John's Japanese is no better than mine.
Little did I know that the girl turned out to be a boy. 我一点儿也不知道那女孩子竟然是个男的
= I didn't know that the girl turned out to be a boy.
(2) a little 也可作副词,表“有点儿”,修饰形容词或副词
He is a little/a little bit/somewhat tired. 他有点累了
He handles things a little carelessly. 他处理事情有点儿马虎
3、sometime、some time、sometimes、a few times
sometime 不知何时,找个时候(与明确的时间连用)
I'll see you sometime next week. 我下周找个时间来看你
some time 一段时间
I have seen learning English for some time. 我英语学了一段时间了
sometimes 有时候
I go to the movies sometimes/on occasion/occasionally/(every) now and then. 有时候我会看电影
表示“有几次”,不说 some times,而说 a few times
He has been to Japan a few times. 他曾去过日本几次
4、already、yet
(1) already 表示“已经”,只用于完成时或一般过去时的肯定句中
He has already arrived. 他已经来了
I already handed in my assignment this morning. 今天 早上我已经交我的作业了
(2) yet 则为强调的副词,多用于完成时的疑问句或与 not 连用的否定句中
Has he arriv鸡眼图片ed yet? 他已经来了吗?
He hasn't arrived yet. 他尚未到达
(3) yet 也可与 have to 连用,形成下列结构
Have yet to do 尚未...
He has yet to finish the report. 他尚未写完报告 = He hasn't finished the resport yet.
(4) as yet 截止目前为止
As yet I have finished two reports. 截至目前为止我写完了两份报告 = So far I have finished two reports
5、instead、instead of
instead 是副词,表“相反地”,置于句首时,instead 之后置逗号。 instead 也可置于句尾
He didn't do to Shanghai. Instead, he went to Hangzhou. 他没到上海去,相反地,他去杭州了
He didn't do to Shanghai. On the contrary, he went to Hangzhou.
He didn't do to Shanghai. he went to Hangzhou instead.
6、ago、before
(1) ago 表“从现在算起若干时间以前”,时态用一般过去时
I saw him five hours ago. 我五小时之前见过他
How long ago did the boy come? 这小子多久以前来的?
(2) before 则表“从过去某时算起若干时间以前”,时态用过去完成时
He came 腰部疼痛here on Friday. Just two days before, an earthquake had occurred here. 他星期五来这里,就在来的前两天,这里曾发生地震
He said he had finished the work two hours before. 他说他两个小时前已把工作做完了
7、good、well
(1) good 是形容词,表“好的”、“不错的”,置于名词前,用以修饰名词;或置于 be 动词之后,作表语
He speaks good English. 他的英语讲得很好
= His spoken English is good.
(2) well 是副词,表“很棒地”,置于句尾,用以修饰动词
He speaks English (very) well.
(3) well 也可作形容词,表“身体好的”、“健康的”
I don't feel well; I guess I've caught a cold. 我身体不舒服;我想我感冒了
(4) good 与 and 连用,可作副词,等于 very,修饰形容词
I'm good and tired. 我累坏了 = I'm very tired.
(5) well 也可置于过去分词之前,修饰该分词,形成复合形容词
He is well-bred. 他很有教养
类似的复合形容词有:
well-organized 很有组织的
well-educated 受过良好教育的
well-trained 受过良好训练的
well-read 博学的
well-traveled 去过许多地方的
(6) well 也可置于句首,形成下列固定句型
Well goes the saying, "Honesty is the best policy." 俗语说的好,“诚实是上策”
= As the saying goes, "Honesty is the best policy."
= Ad the saying puts it, "Honesty is the best policy."
= "Honesty is the best policy." , so goes the saying.
8、there、here
there 或 here 置于句首时,结构若为“主语 加拿大分尸+ 不及物动词”,则应改为“不及物动词 + 主语”
There goes the train. 火车走了
There in the mountains lives a witch. 山中住着一位女巫
Here comes Many. 玛丽来了
注意,上列结构中若为代词,则不采用倒装结构
There you are. 你原来在这里啊
Here she comes. 她来了
9、downstairs、upstairs、here、there、home
以上词类均为副词,不可与介词连用
He went upstairs. 他上楼了
He came downstairs. 他下楼了
On my way home, I ran into a friend of mine. 我回家途中与一位老友不期而遇
10、so that...,so... that...
(1) so that... 这样的话...
使用本连词时,所引导的状语从句应有助动词 can、may、will 等
Work hard so that you can pass the test. 要用功,这样你才能成功
= Work hard in order that you ca黄永灿n pass the test.
= Work hard so as to pass the test.
= Work hard in order to pass the test.
(2) so ... that ... 如此...以致...
由于 so 是副词,故之后应置形容词或副词,以供修饰。实际使用时,常将 that 省略
He is so nice that I like him. 他人这么好,所以我很喜欢他 = He is so nice I like him.
(3) such ... that ... 如此的... 以致...
由于 such 是限定词(形容词),之后应置名词
He is such a nice guy that I like him. 他是这么一个好人,所以我很喜欢他
(4) in case 万一
Take an umbrella with you (just) in case in rains. 随身带把伞以防下雨
= Take an umbrella with you in case of rain.
11、enough
enough 可作形容词,表“充分的”,使用时置于名词前,修饰该名词
I still have enough money left. 我剩下的钱仍有不少
enough 也可作副词,使用时应置于形容词或副词之后,采用后位修饰
He is good enough for the job. 他条件不错,足以胜任这份工作
He speaks English well enough to be an interpreter. 他英语讲得不错,足以担任口译员
12、near、nearby、close、nearly
near 是介词,表“靠近”
He lives near the school. 他住在学校附近
close to 表“靠近”
My school is close to where I live. 我的学校靠近我住的地方 = My school is near where I live
nearby 在附近
There is a department store nearby. 附近有一个百货公司
nearly 几乎
Nearly one third of my classmates passed the test. 差不多我的三分之一的同学通过的测试
13、before、after
before 或 after 之前可置 soon、shortly、immediately 或 long 修饰
He died shortly/soon/i好看的吸血鬼电影mmediately after he retired. 他退休不久就死了
Long before he was a soldier, he had worked as an English teacher in our school. 早在他当兵以前,他曾在本校任河北医科大学人事处职英语老师
14、respectfully、respectably、respectively
respectfully 满怀敬意地
We treat the hero respectfully. 我们满怀敬意地对待这位英雄
respectably 值得尊敬地
A real hero does things respectable. 真正的英雄做事正派
respectively 分别地
I gave the three children an orange respectively/each. 我给这三个小孩一个一个橘子
15、later
latter 与 the 连用,形成代词,表示“后者”
John and Peter are good friends. The former is a teacher, while the latter is a soldier. 约翰和彼得是好友,前者是老师,而后者是军人
常用副词短语1、not to mention、to say nothing of、not to speak of
表“更不要说”有下列用法: not to mention/ to say nothing of/ not to speak of
She can sing, not to mention/ to say nothing of/ not to speak of dancing. 她会唱歌,更别说跳舞了
2、more than、less than
more than = over 超过
More than/over twenty people were killed in the air crash. 这次空难有 20 多人丧生
no more than = at most 最多不超过...
no less than = at least 至少...
He has no more than/at most $200. 他的钱最多不超过200美元
He has mo less than/at least $200. 他的钱至少有200美元
3、should know better than to do
should know better than to do 不应笨到会...
Such a clever boy should know better than to stay with that rambling rose. 这样聪明的孩子不应笨到会与那位水性杨花的女孩待在一起
should have known better than to do 当时不应笨到会...
I should have known better than to tell him the truth last month. 上个月我不应笨到把真相告诉他
4、no longer、no more
no longer 与 no more 均为副词短语,表示“不再”
No longer/No more does he live here. 他不再住在这里了
no longer 可置于句中, no more 无此用法
no longer = not ... any longer | no more = not... any more
He no longer lives here. 他不住在这里了 = He does not live here any longer/any more
5、as far as I know
As far as I know = To the best of my knowledge/understanding. 就我所知
To the best of my knowledge/understanding, he is a nice guy. 就我所知,他是一个好人
= As far as I know, he is a nice guy
本文发布于:2023-06-05 17:33:29,感谢您对本站的认可!
本文链接:http://www.ranqi119.com/ge/85/229427.html
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论) |